Turbine-pump, turbine-blower, and propeller.



A. BUCHI. TURBINE PUMP, TURBINE BLOWER, AND PROPELLE-R.

APPLICATION FILE!) MAR. l, 1909.

* Patented Nov. 2, 1915.

/inesses jww ALFRED BCHI, F WINTERTHUR, SWITZERLAND, lASSIGN'QR OFONE-FIITH T0- WILHELM H'ONEGGER AND ONE-FIFTH T0 WETZIKON, SWITZERLAND.

HERMANN rioivneena, Born or Y TURBINE-IPUMP, TURBINE-BLOWER, ANDPROPELLR.

Lisaas.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 2, 1915.

Application led March 1, 1909. Serial No. 480,721.

To all whom t may concern Be it known fthat I, ALFRED BCHI, a c1t1- Izen of the Republic of Switzerland, residing at lVinterthur,Switzerland, have invented certain new and useful vImprovements inTurbine-Pumps, Turbine-Blowers, and Propellers; and I do hereby declarethe following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same, reference being had to theaccompanylng drawings, and to letters or figures of reference markedthereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to air and water pumps.

The main object of the present invention is to improve the constructionof such Pumps In water and air pumps the main object is to impart to thefluid moving through the pump a great velocity and to convert thisvelocity into pressure before the fluid leaves the pump with dueconsideration of the power expended, so as to make the operation of thedevice as economic as possible. It is a` well known fact, that theefliciency of apump or blower depends a great deal upon the shape of thebladesfof the wheels and accordingly it--v has already been proposed tocurve the outer end of the blades back- The results obtained with thesedifferent shaped blades vary within very large limits. The theory and anexamination of the parallelogram of velocities showalso the fact, that aconsiderable decrease of the dynamic pressure head has to take place,for increasing delivery quantity at a constant number of revolutions ofthe pump when the outer ends of the blades are curved backwardrelatively to their direction of travel, while undei' the the outer endof the blades is curved 'for ward relatively to their direction oftravel.-

From the theoretical point of -view it would be, therefore, advisable touse only wheelsl pipe of thepump or quantity, the etliciency of the pump'or blower being thus again impaired.

I have now Adiscoveredthat the eiiciency of the pumps or blowers can bevery much increased by placing ahead of a wheel with blades having ayforwardly 'bent outer end,

the effect of which is mainly to impart to the Huid a high velocity, awheel with blades having an outer end which is bent backward relatlvelytothe direction of travel of the wheel, which has the effect to cause agreater volume of Huid to pass through the wheelv with blades havin-g aforward curved endv than would otherwise bethe case'. The final effectof such an arrangement is that the pump has a high dynamic pressure headand at the same time a great sucking power and a great volume ofdelivery, whereby the latter does not impair the degree of the pressurehead at which the delivery takes place.

In the accompanying drawings, in which like parts are similarlydesignated: Figure l is a view in vertical axial section, and Fig. 2 isa view of the same in vertical cross section on the broken line A-B ofFig. 1, of

a two-wheeled radial or centrifugal type of a rotary pump or blower.Fig. 3 isla view in vertical axial section of a disk provided onopposite sides with vanes. Fig. 4 is a the casing of a radial iowcentrifugal pump a -for blower. The rotary part of the pump sameconditions a conslderable increase in the dynamic pressure head takesplace when;

movable vanes or blades of the series Z2 and g are bentbackwardrelatively to the direction of travel of the disks le and Zal,while the outer ends of the vanes or blades of the series a and f arebent forward relatively to the direction of travel of said disks. rlhecasing G is provided with two series of stationary guide-blades Z and hacting as nozzles (Fig. 2), arranged between the two series or rows ofmovable blades a ZJ and f g, respectively, of the rotary disks lo and761 and extending around the entire circuit, as shown in Fig. 2. Betweenthe disk and the disk icl a slowly divergent chamber or canal e in formof a diffuser is arranged,-

with liXed guide-vanes or blades el. On the outside of the disk k1 isprovided a second diffuser c' with guide-vanes or blades el which isformed, in the present case as a slowly divergent spiral channel z',which is connected .with the pressure pipe, not shown, by the flange il.For the supply of the elastic or non-elastic fluid, a supply pipe, not

shown, is connected to the flange m on the casing G.

rIhe turbine pump, turbine compressor kor blower constructed ashereinbefore described,

operates as follows: Water, gas, or steam isf` admitted through thesupply pipe into the first series Z) of blades s having a backwardlybent outer end, as indicated by arrow on Fig.

1. In this series -b of blades, which have a dium are either equal,onthat the potential energy is greater than-the kinetic energy. Afterescaping the blades .s of the series b the fluid enters into thestationary series Z of guide-blades ZZ, which act as nozzles, thekinetic energy o f the fluid being either preserved or increased bytransforming some of the potential energy into kinetic energy; theguide-blades 0Z being so shaped and proportioned that the fluid isguided or expanded as it issuesfrom .the blades d, so that it receives agreater velocity, which will be spent by its impact against the bladess1 (Fig. 2.) of the series a.

In the radial flow, or centrifugal type of pump or` blower illustratedin Figs. 1 2 the ends of the blades s1 atvtheir outer periphery arecurved forward i. e. in the direction of rotation indicated by thearrow, as will be seen in Fig. 2. The mechanical work of the series a ofvanes or blades s1 is essentially transformed into kinetic energy, andthe fluid escapes from the blades s1 and enters the diffuser e at highvelocity. In the diffuser-chamber e, whichis provided `with guide-vanese1, the kinetic energy is gradually transformed into potential energy,owing to the gradual increase of the area of the cross-section of thechamber 'e' and the decrease of the velocity. From the diffuserchamber ethe fluid enters into the neXt system or series g and f of movableblades s and s1 respectively mounted on the disk k1, between which'aseries hI of fixed blades Z acting as nozzles are arranged around theentire circuit on the casing G. The mode of operation in this secondsystem orv series g, 7' and h. of movable and fixed vanest or blades s,s1 and d respectively is exactly the same as described hereinbefore withregard to the first system b a and Z, the initial pressure being onlyaugmented in proportion of the efficacy of the preceding system ofbladings mounted on the disk lc. The fluid escaping from the series fwith blades sjl having a forward bent outer end enters the diffuserchamber z' and its kinetic energy or velocity iscross-section area ofthe channel Z has the eeet to reduce the velocity and increase thepressure of the fluid in accordance with the general recognized theoryof the diffusers.

Referring to Fig. 3, the rotary disk is provided on opposite sides witha system of movable blades, as hereinbefore described. This form of pumpor compressor is balanced without special piston or other arrangementsfor the purpose.

Referring to Fig. 4, there are two concentric systems or series b, g anda f of movable blades or vanes having radially directed and forward bentouter ends respectively on opposite sides of the same disk withintermediate stationary series of blades Z and h acting as nozzles andmounted on the casing G. Between the two systems or series of blades b,Z, a and g, zl f is provided a diffuser chamber u with guide vanes, toconvert the kinetic energy from the first system b, Z a into velocityand to conduct the fluid then to the second system g, la. f of bladings.The casing G is provided with a chamber r for water cooling purposes.

In the several forms or modifications of the turbine pump, turbineblower or propeller herein shown and described, the principles involvedand the mode of operation are essentially the same. In each case thefluid, like water', steam or gas, first enters into a blading system,having an outer end bent backward relatively to the direction of travelof the system, and is supplied from there to a` series of stationaryguide-blades acting as nozzles all around the entire circuit in' whichthe velocity of the fluid is maintained or in which a certain amount ofpotential energy of the fluid is transformed lill() ELEG intol kineticenergy, which will be spent by its impact in the vanes or blades of thenext blading series having blades with a forward bent outer end and inwhich mechanil cal work is converted into kinetic energy escaping fluidis then transformed before leaving the Apump into potential energy tothe best advantage and vwith the greatest economy. It is understood thatthe different members follow one another in the above named successionas much as possible directly, and that one or several sy'tems may beprovided on the same wheel. v

Various changes, other than those specilically mentioned herein, may bemade' in the details of construction and in the arrangement of parts ofthe turbine pump, turbine blower, or compressor and propeller, withoutmaterially affecting its operation, and without departing from theprinciples and intended scope of this invention.

I claim- 1. The combination with a casing and a rotor disk mountedtherein, of a series of blades having'their outer ends curved backwardand a second series of blades having their outer ends curved forwardrelativel1 to their direction of travel, both series of blades beingmeuntedon said rotor disk, and Iguide blades in the casing to which thefluid is delivered from the blades. having backward curved outer nds andfrom which the fluid is delivered to the blades having forward curvedouter ends.

2. The combination with a casing, land rotordisks mounted therein, of aseries of blades having their outer ends curved backward, and a secondseries of blades having their outer ends curved forward relatively'totheir directionof travel, both yseries of blades being mounted on arotor disk, and guide blades in the lcasing for each rotor disk, saidguide blades receiving the fluid always from the blades having backwardlbent outer ends 'and delivering it tothe corresponding blades havingforward, bent outer ends on the same rotor disk.

3. The combination with a casing, and a Vrotor disk mounted therein, ofa series of blades having their outer ends curved backward relatively'to their direction of travel to impart pressure and velocity to themoving fluid, Land a second series of blades having their outer endscurved forward relatively to theirdirectionfof travel imparting velocitythereto, both series of blades being mounted on said rotor disk, guideblades in the casing between said series of blades to which the fluid isdelivered from the blades having their outer ends curved backward inwhich guide blades the velocity imparted to the moving fluid issubstantially unchanged and from which the fluid is delivered to theVmounted'on said rotor disks; guide blades in the casing for each rotordisk, to which the fluid is delivered from the series of blades havingbackward curved outer ends in which guide blades the .velocity impartedto the moving fluid is 'substantially unchanged and from which guideblades the iuid is delivered to the corresponding series of bladeshaving forwardly curved l outer ends on the same rotor disk, and adiffuser chamber for each rotor disk to receive said fluid from thecorresponding blades having forwardly curved outer ends.

5. The combination with a casing, and a rotor disk mounted therein, of aseries of blades` havingtheir ends curved backward relatively to theirdirection of travel on eachside of the disk near its center, sets ofstationary guide blades in the 'casing to -which said series of bladesdischarge, a

second series-of blades having their outer ends curved forwardrelatively to their direction of travel on each side of the diskreceiving fluid from the guide blades, a diffuser chamber, anddiifuserblades therein common to both series of blades having forwardlycurved outer ends.

6. The combination with a casing, and rotor disks mounted therein. of aseries of blades having their outer ends curved backward relatively totheir direction ofl travel on each side of the disks near their centers,sets of stationary guide blades in the casing to which said series ofblades discharge, a series of blades having their outer ends curvedforward relatively to their direction of travel on each side of thedisks receiving luid from the guide blades, a diffuser chamber, anddiffuser blades therein common to both series of blades having theirouter ends curved forward.

7. The combination with a casing, and rotor disks mounted therein, of aseries of blades having their outer ends curved backward relatively totheir direction of travel on each side of the disks near their centersto impartl pressure and velocity to the moving fluid, sets ofstationaryguide blades in whichithe casing to which said series ofblades discharge and in which the velocity imparted to the moving Huidis substantially unchanged, a series of blades having as my invention',l have signed my name in their outer ends cuved forward relativelypresence of tvvo subscribing Witnesses. to their direction 0 travel oneach side of 1 the disks receiving fluid from the guide ALFRED BUCHL 5blades and imparting velocity thereto, and 'Witnesses:

a diffuser chamber to receive said fluid. HERMANN GRAF, In testimonythat I claim the foregoing JOSEPH SIMON.

